Některé vývojové tendence ve vidovém systému současné češtiny

Ondřej Bláha

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Some tendencies in the Czech aspectual system

The paper deals with changes in the Czech aspectual system during the last twenty-five years. The author analyses data acquired from the Czech National Corpus or, more precisely, from subcorpora containing only journalistic texts (the national daily newspapers Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo). The corpus-based analysis showed that the frequency of the verb (and its finite forms) has been increasing in journalistic texts and that the statistic relation between imperfective and perfective verbs, as well as the relation between grammatical tenses in Czech, has become more asymmetrical (especially, the frequency of imperfective verbs has been rising). The increase in aspectual asymmetry accentuates the “western” features of the Czech aspectual system in the sense of S. M. Dickey’s (2000) conception. Together with the increasing aspectual asymmetry in Czech, the frequency of bi-aspectual verbs has slightly decreased. The analysis also showed that the frequency of verbs with prefixes (both perfective and imperfective) has decreased in Czech. The author interprets these facts as results of the transmission of certain dynamic (and system-based) features from spoken language to the written language, and he also discusses the typological context of the changes (inferring aspectual meanings from grammatical context as a manifestation of strengthening analyticity in Czech).

Key words: bi-aspectuality, Czech, Czech National Corpus, future tense, journalistic texts, language change, past tense, prefixed verbs, present tense, spoken language, verbal aspect, written language
Klíčová slova: Český národní korpus, čeština, futurum, mluvený jazyk, obouvidovost, prefigovaná slovesa, préteritum, prézens, psaný jazyk, publicistické texty, slovesný vid, vývoj jazyka

Text je on-line k dispozici v databázi CEEOL.

Katedra bohemistiky FF UP
Křížkovského 10, 771 80 Olomouc
ondrej.blaha@upol.cz

Naše řeč, ročník 103 (2020), číslo 4

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